ABSTRACT
Objective. To conduct a health impact assessment (HIA) to quantify health benefits for several PM and O3 air pollution reduction scenarios in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Results from this HIA will contribute to the scientific support of the MCMA air quality management plan (PROAIRE) for the period 2011-2020. Materials and methods. The HIA methodology consisted of four steps: 1) selection of the air pollution reduction scenarios, 2) identification of the at-risk population and health outcomes for the 2005 baseline scenario, 3) selection of concentration-response functions and 4) estimation of health impacts. Results. Reductions of PM10 levels to 20 μg/m³ and O3 levels to 0.050ppm (98 µg/m³) would prevent 2300 and 400 annual deaths respectively. The greatest health impact was seen in the over-65 age group and in mortality due to cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion. Improved air quality in the MCMA could provide significant health benefits through focusing interventions by exposure zones.
Objetivo. Realizar una evaluación de impacto en salud (EIS) que documente los beneficios en salud ante diversos escenarios de reducción de PM10 y O3 en el aire de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM). Los resultados contribuyen al sustento científico del plan de gestión de calidad del aire (PROAIRE 2011-2020). Material y métodos. La metodología de EIS comprende cuatro pasos: 1) selección de los escenarios de reducción, 2) identificación de la población en riesgo y de los eventos en salud para el año basal 2005, 3) selección de las funciones de concentración-respuesta y 4) estimación del impacto en la salud. Resultados. Reducciones de PM10 a 20μg/m³ y de O3 a 0.050ppm (98 µg/m³) evitarían, respectivamente, cerca de 2 300 y 400 muertes por año. El mayor impacto se observa en el grupo de más de 65 años y en la mortalidad por causas cardiopulmonares y cardiovasculares. Conclusiones. Mejorar la calidad del aire en la ZMVM podría reflejar importantes beneficios para la salud focalizados por zonas o áreas de exposición.
Subject(s)
Pseudomonas putida/metabolism , Styrenes/metabolism , Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Epoxy Compounds/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins , Glutamic Acid/metabolism , Isomerases/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxygen Consumption , Phenylacetates/metabolism , Pseudomonas putida/enzymology , Pseudomonas putida/growth & development , Styrene , Succinates/metabolism , Succinic AcidABSTRACT
Self reports of flushing reaction after drinking, cutaneous sensitivity to alcohol (patch test), and genotypic determination of ADH2, ADH3, and ALDH2 were studied in 53 Brazilian volunteers of different ethnic groups. Genotypes were determined using single strand conformation polymorphism in discontinous buffer electrophoresis. Analysis of the results indicated several cases of a reported flushing reaction among ALDH2 1/1 individuals, while all but 2 cases of ALDH2 heterozygotes reported a flushing reaction. The latter subjects also had negative result in the patch test. These preliminary results indicate that variability in the facial flushing reaction to alcohol seems to be a phenomenon resulting not only from the presence of a deficient ALDH2*2 allele, but also from other polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Ethanol/metabolism , Ethnicity , Flushing/ethnology , Patch Tests , Black People , Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Asian People , Brazil , White People , Genotype , Isoenzymes/metabolismABSTRACT
In vitro oxidation and acetylation of 5-aminoquinoline by rabbit liver enzyme preparation has been investigated. Incubation of 5-aminoquinoline with cytosol fraction of the enzyme preparation in the presence of acetyl coenzyme-A gave rise to three different products, viz. 5-amino-2-hydroxy quinoline, 5-acetyl-aminoquinoline and 5-acetylamino-2-hydroxy quinoline due to the combined action of aldehyde oxidase and N-acetyl transferase. The metabolites thus obtained by enzyme catalysed reactions were isolated and separated by TLC, HPLC and subsequently characterised by IR and mass spectral fragmentation techniques.